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Koza, Julia. 2021. 「Destined to fail」: Carl Seashore’s world of eugenics, psychology education, and music. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
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FirstAuthor:: Koza, Julia
~> FirstContributor:: Michigan Publishing (University of Michigan)
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Title:: “Destined to fail”: Carl Seashore’s world of eugenics, psychology education, and music
Year:: 2021
Citekey:: kozaDestinedFailCarl2021
itemType:: book
Publisher:: University of Michigan Press
Location:: Ann Arbor, Michigan
ISBN:: 978-0-472-13260-7
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Abstract
A little-known fact about the prominent US psychologist and educator Carl E. Seashore (1866-1949) is that he was deeply involved in the American eugenics movement. He was among the US academics to support eugenics long before German Nazis embraced it. A titan in a host of disciplines and a proponent of radical education reform, Seashore used his positional power to promote a constellation of education reforms consistent with central precepts of eugenics. Many of these reforms, including tracking, gifted and talented programs, and high-stakes standardized testing, were adopted and remain standard practice in the United States today. He promulgated the idea that musical talent is biologically inheritable, and he developed the first standardized tests of musical talent; these tests were used by early-twentieth-century researchers in their attempts to determine whether there are race differences in musical talent. Seashore’s ideas and work profoundly shaped music education’s research trajectory, as well as enduring “commonsense” beliefs about musical ability. An intersectional analysis, “Destined to Fail” focuses on the relationship between eugenics and Seashore’s views on ability, race, and gender. Koza concludes that Seashore promoted eugenics and its companion, euthenics, because he was a true believer. She also discusses the longstanding silences surrounding Seashore’s participation in eugenics. As a diagnosis and critique of the present, “Destined to Fail” identifies resemblances and connections between past and present that illustrate the continuing influence of eugenics—and the systems of reasoning that made early-twentieth-century eugenics imaginable and seem reasonable—on education discourse and practice today. It maps out discursive, citational, and funding connections between eugenicists of the early twentieth-century and contemporary White supremacists; this mapping leads to some of Donald Trump’s supporters and appointees .
Notes
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- Carl Emil Seashoreの音楽の才能テストがいかにアメリカの優生学に貢献したかが主題。
- 第2世代のテストとしてはEdwin Gordonの Musical Aptitude Test
- スズキメソードを開発した鈴木鎮一の「愛に生きる」(Nurtured By Love) も紹介されてる
Seashore is not a metonym for all eugenicists of the early twentieth century. He was, however, a central element.